Mental Health First Aid
for Everyone

Practical Do's and Don'ts for Real Life

A quick guide for parents, teachers, community responders, and friends. Simple tools to notice, calm, and connect — and to know when to escalate.

Core Ideas

  • Behavior has a context. Often you are seeing overwhelm, not malice.
  • Stay calm and empathize. Reducing intensity and offering understanding often facilitates clarity of mind.
  • Validation is not agreement. Acknowledge their experience without declaring it “true.”
  • Safety first. If there is imminent risk, escalate.

ADHD – impulsivity and filtering

Snapshot
  • Core issue: difficulty catching impulses fast enough.
  • May look hyperactive or “spaced out.” The throughline is impulse control.
What helps
  • Move to a quieter area; reduce people and noise.
  • Calm, steady tone. One ask at a time. Offer simple choices.
  • Structure the environment to reduce distractions.
What to avoid
  • Crowding, rapid-fire instructions, public corrections.
  • Interpreting impulsive behavior as calculated disrespect.

Autism Spectrum – Social Understanding

Snapshot
  • Core issue: gaps in the “social rulebook,” especially in the moment.
What helps
  • Walk through “what just happened” in concrete steps after things cool.
  • Give clear expectations and alternatives; role-play new responses.
  • Use visuals and specific language rather than vague advice.
What to avoid
  • Vague guidance like “be nicer” or “use common sense.”
  • Assuming time alone will fix it without explicit coaching.

Anxiety – Normal Alarm vs Disorder

In the moment
  • Normalize: “Your body’s alarm is loud. You’re safe. I’m here.”
  • Breathing reset: slow belly breaths — in 4, hold 4, out 6.
  • Tension-release: clench fists to level 5 for 5 seconds, release ×3.
  • Grounding: 5–4–3–2–1 senses scan.
If reassurance backfires
  • Use a steady refrain: “Remember what we already said. You are safe.”
  • Avoid feeding endless “but what if…” loops.
Note: During peak panic, delay fact debates and focus on regulation first.

Depression – low mood, energy, and drive

What to look for
  • Loss of interest, isolation, sleep/appetite changes.
  • Decline in daily functioning; self-harm behaviors.
What helps
  • Small activations: light, water, snack, short walk, brief social check-in.
  • Invite healthy sparks; avoid numbing strategies as “solutions.”

ALGEE – Mental Health First Aid

ALGEE steps

  • A – Approach, assess, assist in any crisis; scan for safety.
  • L – Listen non-judgmentally: open posture, soft voice, allow silences.
  • G – Give reassurance & information: early, brief, and calming.
  • E – Encourage professional help: counselor, PCP, referral.
  • E – Encourage other supports: family, school, faith, routines.

Pocket card
Download a 1-page ALGEE card to keep in your wallet or post in staff spaces.
Download ALGEE Card

Tactical empathy – your fastest de-escalation

How to do it
  1. Reflect: “So what you’re saying is…” (use your own words).
  2. Name the emotion: “That sounds scary and exhausting.”
  3. Check: “Am I getting that right?”
  4. Invite: “What would help right now?”
Sample language
  • “Makes sense your body hit the alarm after what you saw.”
  • “Part of you wants out, and part wants relief. That tug-of-war is real.”
  • If asked to agree: “Let me understand clearly first so we can pick the next best step.”

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